Animal Experimentation essays

Jean Piagets Theory Free Essays

From the beginning of time, numerous individuals have made numerous commitments to the school of brain science. One individual is that of Jean Piaget and his speculations on the subjective advancement stages. Jean Piaget was conceived in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he learned at the college and got a doctorate in science at 22 years old. We will compose a custom article test on Jean Piagets Theory or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Following school he turned out to be exceptionally inspired by brain science and started to research and investigations of the subject. With his exploration Piaget made an expansive hypothetical framework for the improvement of psychological capacities. His work, thusly, was a lot of like that of Sigmund Freud, yet Piaget underlined the manners in which that youngsters think and obtain information. Piaget alluded to his hypothesis as hereditary epistemology. This is characterized as the investigation of the obtaining, adjustment, and development of dynamic thoughts and the capacities as based on an acquired or organic substrate, a canny working that makes the development of conceptual idea conceivable. (Ginsburg 5) Piaget got his hypotheses from legitimately watching youngsters and by interrogating them concerning their reasoning. He was less keen on whether the youngsters addressed accurately than how they showed up at their answers. Piaget saw insight as an augmentation of organic adjustment that has a sensible structure. One of the essential issues of his hypotheses was that of epigenesis. This is development and advancement happen in a progression of stages, every one of which is based on the fruitful dominance of the past stage. (Furth 33) Piaget portrayed four significant stages prompting the limit with respect to grown-up thought. Each stage is an essential for the accompanying stage, yet the rate at which various kids travel through various stages fluctuates with their heredity and condition. Piaget’s four phases are the sensorimotor stage, the phase of preoperational thought, the phase of solid activities and the phase of formal tasks. The primary stage that Piaget felt all youngsters experience was the sensorimotor stage. This stage happens among birth and two years old. This is the phase when Infants start to learn through tangible perception, and they deal with their engine capacities through movement, investigation and control of the earth. (Furth 29) From birth, science and experience cooperate to create learned conduct. As newborn children become progressively versatile, one activity is based upon another activity, shaping new and increasingly complex activities. Infants’ spatial, visual, and material universes extend during this period wherein youngsters effectively associate with their condition and utilize recently learned practices. The basic accomplishment of this period is the improvement of article lastingness. This is the sign that a kid can comprehend that items have a presence free of the child’s association with them. Babies figure out how to separate themselves from the world and can keep up a psychological picture of an item, in any event, when it is absent and obvious. (Rotman 40) At around year and a half, newborn children start to create mental images and to utilize words. This procedure is called symbolization. Babies can make a visual or mental picture of an item to represent or mean the genuine article. The fulfillment of article changelessness denotes the progress from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage. During the phase of peoperational thought, youngsters use language and images more widely than in the sensorimotor stage. Youngsters learn without the utilization of thinking, along these lines can't think coherently or deductively. Youngsters can name the article however they can't classify or class these items. Preopreational thought is halfway between mingled grown-up thought and the totally medically introverted freudian oblivious. (Furth 57) Events are likewise not connected by rationale. In this stage, kids start to utilize language and drawings in progressively expand ways. From once utilizing single word articulations they start to utilize two word phrases, which make up a solitary thing and action word. Kids in this formative stage are ecogentric. They consider themselves to be the focal point of the universe, in this way they can't play the job of someone else. What's more , youngsters utilize animistic reasoning which is the inclination to invest occasions and articles with similar traits. The phase of solid tasks is so named on the grounds that in this period kids work and follow up on the solid, genuine, and discernible universe of items and occasions. Egocentric idea is supplanted by operational idea, which includes managing a wide cluster of data outside the youngster. In this way, youngsters would now be able to see things from somebody else’s viewpoint. Youngsters in this stage start to utilize restricted consistent idea and forms and can request and gathering things in classes based on normal qualities. The kid can reason and to adhere to rules and guidelines. They can manage themselves , and they start to build up an ethical sense and a code of qualities. Preservation is the capacity to perceive that, despite the fact that the state of articles may change, the mass and sum remain the equivalent. For instance, in the event that you put a similar measure of fluid in two compartments the kid may think there is more in the taller chamber. Kids additionally start to get reversibility, which is the ability to comprehend the connection between things. They start to understand that one thing can transform into another and back once more. The most significant sign that youngsters are still in the preoperational stage is that they have not accomplished protection or reversibility. Managing the future and its prospects happens in the formal operational stage. The proper activity stage manages the ages of eleven through the finish of youthfulness. This stage is portrayed by the capacity to think conceptually, to reason deductively, and to characterize ideas. It likewise is appeared by adolescents’ enthusiasm for an assortment of issues including reasoning, religion, morals, and legislative issues. Another fundamental piece of this stage is that of Hypothetic deductive reasoning. This is the most noteworthy association of cognizance and empowers individuals to make a speculation or suggestion and to test it against the real world. Deductive thinking moves from the general to the specific and is a more entangled procedure than inductive thinking, which moves from specific to general. (Rotman 44) This progression likewise realizes reluctant conduct as a result of the capacity to consider their own and different people’s contemplations. As youths endeavor to ace new subjective undertakings, they may come back to egocentric idea, however on a more significant level than before. Not all young people enter the phase simultaneously or to a similar degree. Contingent upon singular limit some may not arrive at the phase at all and may stay in concrete operational mode all through life. Notwithstanding the mental applications Piaget’s hypotheses have been applied all the more broadly in the territory of training. Piaget’s ideas have been utilized to determine instructive issues, for example, surveying scholarly turn of events, academic inclination, grade position, and understanding preparation. Creative early school programs, for example, Head Start can be followed to Piaget’s accept that experience assumes a significant job in human idea. All through his works Piaget underlined that the more noteworthy extravagance, multifaceted nature, and the decent variety of the earth, the more prominent the probability that significant levels of mental working are accomplished. The most effective method to refer to Jean Piagets Theory, Papers

8 Practical Steps to Getting Rich

8 Practical Steps to Getting Rich Forbes published their 2019 list of the world’s richest people. According to their latest count, there are 2,153 billionaires in the world.Jeff Bezos retains the number 1 position with a net worth of $131 B. Bill Gates comes in number 2 with $96.5 B. Warren Buffet follows in the third position with $82.5 B as Mark Zuckerberg comes in at number 8 with $62.3 B.Jeff Bezos is 55 years old, Bill Gates is 63 years old and Warren Buffet is 89 years old. Given that the top three richest people are over 50 years old, does it mean that age is a factor in attaining great wealth?Mark Zuckerberg is younger, at 35 years old. He is one of the founders of Facebook. Does it mean that to become rich while relatively young, you have to invent something?The list by Forbes provides more information to help confuse (or understand) the matter. The youngest billionaire is Kylie Jenner, worth $1 Billion.Do you know how old she is? 21 years old. And she is a self-made billionaire. No inheritances here.So wh at’s the secret?Clearly, this has nothing to do with age, work experience or sheer luck. Because if someone could be a self-made billionaire at 21, there has to be an effort in it.Apart from the effort, there are definitely some things these people know and do which the rest don’t.Today, from looking at the lives of many successful (read rich) people, here are some of the things you can do if seeking to climb up the wealth ladder.Before we get to the steps you need to take to become wealthy, here are two things to note:Get-rich-quick schemes â€" these are scams. Even if you know people who have become rich through these methods, it most likely happened by chance. Of course, unless they were the ones operating the schemes.If you consider the lottery, the system works behind the scenes to ensure the business owner makes profit. Even a quick calculation of the participants and the amounts used to play lottery will tell you that the business is making big money. That’s why they ca n pay for TV ads.Take responsibility â€" the responsibility to become rich lies squarely with you. Your background aside, your future life is very much dependent on your actions. If you decide to wait for the unemployment compensation, rest assured that you won’t get rich.Your past may have contributed to your present situation but your future can change. Acknowledge the need for change and prepare your mind for action.HOW TO BECOME RICHMany people want to become rich but few are willing to put in the effort required. There is some work to be done.Many observations have been made of how the rich do certain things while avoiding others.And their lifestyles are not easy for many to adopt.But if you’re really interested in changing your fortunes, read on and see how attainable riches are.1. Develop Self-DisciplineHaving mentioned lifestyles, it’s important to understand that your habits play a key role in determining what kind of life you live.Habits are of two types; bad habits and good habits.These are easy to identify. Just look at your life and take note of the things you do either consciously or unconsciously.After identifying the habits, ask yourself which habits push you towards your goal of becoming rich?The ones which push you towards your goal are the good ones. The rest are bad habits.If you desire to amass wealth but are not yet there, consider all or a majority of your habits to be bad habits. These need to be dropped as soon as now.And this is where the challenge comes in. If you struggle dropping the bad habits, then your problem is really a lack of self-discipline. If you don’t have self-discipline, you won’t succeed in your quest. It is also likely the reason you haven’t succeeded so far.Developing self-discipline is important and you have to start at this point.One of the things self-discipline will help you with is time management. Time management is a challenge to many. But if you master your time, nothing will be able to stop you. Time levels the ground for everyone. Both the rich and poor have 24 hours in a day. Yet some make good use of their time while others seem to always run out of time.“Don’t be fooled by the calendar. There are only as many days in the year as you make use of. One man gets only a week’s value out of a year while another man gets a full year’s value out of a week.”  Charles RichardsManaging your time well means you have the ability to say no to distractions. These are what take your focus away from your goals and ensure that you don’t achieve them.Common distractions include social media, watching TV, too much sleep and attending unnecessary parties.Here is a video to help you with this. 2. Define SuccessOnce you have self-discipline developed, then you’re good to go. Now you can embark on the actual journey towards riches.You want to become rich? Start by answering this question: What does it mean to become rich?In other words, you have to set your goal. And the goal ha s to be specific.You cannot say that you want to have a lot of money in the bank. Or that you want to be able to buy anything you want anytime. These are too vague to become goals.Since you’re just getting started, look at your current life and write down the things you want to have in around 1 year.These should be things which are realistically achievable though not with your current earnings.For example, if you make $300 per month, you could aim for three times that figure i.e. $900.The idea here is that the growth should be gradual. This is because in reality, growth is indeed gradual. This will also cushion you from the possible frustration you may experience in case you don’t reach your goal.If you set a high amount, e.g. $10,000 a month from a mere $300, then you’re really setting yourself up for a tough time. But if you achieve the relatively small goal, you will increase it.Moreover, what you haven’t worked hard to achieve, you’re likely to lose it quickly since yo u don’t know how to sustain it. You don’t even understand its value. This is why many lottery winners go back to poverty soon after becoming rich.Once you have your definition of success, give yourself a timeline for achieving the goal. With our example of tripling your earnings, you can give yourself a year to achieve it.3. Believe That You Can Achieve ItKnowing the exact goal you’re working towards is great. But do you think it’s possible to achieve it?Do you believe that you have the ability to achieve it?If you honestly feel like it’s too high, feel free to bring the figure down. You can work with $600 or even $500. Just remind yourself that the growth is to be gradual.At this point, it might help to understand that the extra $200 (in case you go with a goal of $500) will be extra income you never had. Think of it like an unexpected pay rise. The extra money will help you do things you were never able to.Technically, you’ll have become richer than you were the previo us month.But even that extra $200 needs some real strength in order to be achieved. If that wasn’t the case, many people would be getting richer every second of the day. But since that’s not happening, then you know it’s not automatic.Your goal may look intimidating, especially when you consider the changes you need to make in your lifestyle.For example, if you’re used to sleeping for 10 hours every night, you may need to adjust to 7. Working towards self-discipline might also mean cutting down on TV and internet. Is this easy for you?If it’s not, don’t be quick to reduce your goal further. You may get to a figure that gives you no real motivation as it doesn’t reflect any big change you will experience by achieving the goal.Instead, work on your self-belief. Get yourself revved up for the task ahead. To make yourself able to achieve the goal, here are three things you can try:Read relevant material â€" it’s all about equipping yourself. Reading and researching is ju st as important as going to school. The mental abilities of those who have studied a lot are higher than that of those who haven’t.The more you read, the more your mind develops. As your mind develops, your ability to think, be creative, solve problems etc increases. Having more abilities will naturally make you more confident. This will in turn make it easy to believe in your ability to achieve the set goal.Use self affirmations â€" affirmations are the positive words you speak. You can use these on others as well as on yourself. Simply telling yourself that you can do it and that you believe in yourself can go a long way in building yourself up.We all need some encouragement to counter the many challenges life poses. However, that encouragement may not be available if you only wait for others to provide it. So come up with the encouragement and give it to yourself.As long as you can get yourself to believe in your abilities, then you can achieve them.Network with successful/rich people â€" networking with the rich is a form of mentorship. You may not afford expensive hotels or know how to play golf, but there is still a way of getting mentorship from these people.The trick is in using social media. Just identify 2 or 3 rich people who inspire you. Follow them on social media and interact with their content. These people may not be very active on these platforms but they share a lot of wisdom which can help you turn your life around.Here is a video talking more about this kind of mentorship. 4. Create an Emotional Connection With Your GoalWith your goal in mind, you should now create an emotional connection with it. The goal exists in your mind. But now you need to connect it with your heart.Your mind is logical while your heart is home to your emotions.The reason you need to create an emotional connection with your goal is because your logic is not as powerful as your emotions.If you argue that you always think through your actions, then this statement may not make sense to you.Thinking through your actions is a good thing, but it happens that the final decision is not always logical.This is especially true if you’re not a rich person. This far, had you been making logical decisions, you would definitely be wealthier than you areâ€"by far.But you’re not.Why?Because your emotions always, or at least, often, overrule your logic.Think about it. Between saving some money and going out with your friends every weekend, which one do you often do? Between saving to buy a new OLED TV and using your credit card to buy one now, which option are you likely to choose?As you will learn in the next step, these choices are very tough for most people.They may not have the money to spend, but since they want the experience, they go ahead and make an unwise decision.And this doesn’t happen accidentally.How Advertisements WorkThat ad which you watched or the display you looked at before deciding to make a purchase, was designed to make you want to buy.You see, marketers and advertisers understand that people buy emotionally, not logically.If you keenly look at many ads, you’ll realize that their story lines aren’t the most compelling. But the overall ad, especially video ads, they sell you the desired experience.Ads are meant to urge you to imagine yourself enjoying the experience you’re seeing in the video.Once you imagine yourself there, you start desiring it. If the desire is strong enough, it can even lead you to debt as you seek to fulfill your desire.Making the Emotional ConnectionWith your goal set, you need to imagine yourself experiencing it. This works for any goal you have set.For our example of $200 more, imagine yourself holding that money in your hands. Imagine the things you would be able to do that you previously couldn’t be able to.Once you have this, then you have your primary motivation. With an emotional connection, you will always have a reminder of what you are out to achieve.Whenever your mind gets distracted or feels tired, just remind yourself of what your achievement will provide.5. Buy What You Need, Not What You WantThe first four steps have dealt with the preparations. Now it’s time to take some action.This step talks about how to indirectly make some money. It also touches on the self-control you gained after working on self-discipline.Like a majority of people, you may be buying things you don’t really need. This is easy to start avoiding once you understand the point about emotions and marketing.It’s important to understand the difference between wants and needs.Needs are the things you cannot live without, like food. Wants are things you simply desire but are not necessary, like ice cream. Source: Key DifferencesWants are things you may be convinced that you need but after the purchase, you start regretting.Or maybe you don’t regret, but realize that the benefits and experience were short-lived.If you have such an experience, then you were lured by the emotional appeal of the ad or display.You will need to train your mind in order to withstand the allure of ads. For starters, here are three financial principles to help you:Live below your means â€" this might be tricky to implement if you’re already living beyond your means. It means cutting down your expenses in ways that may hurt you feelings. But if you’re serious about getting rich, then you should not allow your current lifestyle to interfere.Living below your means will give you the opportunity to earn some money in the form of avoided expenses. If for example you could buy a $400 TV but decided on a cheaper brand going for $350, you’ll have saved $50. This can be channeled elsewhere.Don’t spend more th an you make â€" related to the above principle, you should check your expenses to ensure they’re not above your earnings. If they are, you need to cut down on them. Take a serious look at your lifestyle and remind yourself that it’s the reason you’re not rich.One major problem for many is debt. There is good debt and bad debt. The primary difference is the future value.Good debt gives you something that appreciates in value. An example is mortgage. The home you bought will be of higher value by the time the debt is fully paid. Bad debt leads to lower future value. An example is a car or TV bought on loan. Source: My Pretty PenniesBorrowing to buy a car or TV subjects you to great losses.These things start depreciating in value the same hour you buy them. An exception is when you buy a car for business purposes.Despite depreciating in value, it facilitates efficient operationsâ€"if you’ve done your math right.Track your expenses â€" you need to learn the discipline of using a budget. Once you get paid, draft a list of necessary expenses and the amounts required for them. If the amount is more than you have, make amends until everything fits. Keep in mind the above principles.Once you have your budget, stick to it. Do not be distracted by your inner critic who may tell you that you need a life.That you need to make room for fun activities. If your budget doesn’t allow it, skip it. Be firm with yourself and remember that it’s only a matter of time.“Beware of little expenses. A small leak will sink a great ship.”   Benjamin FranklinDo not fall into the trap of wanting more now a nd even more later, without having a consistent source of income to support it. Deny yourself now to enjoy the future.You can ask a close friend to help keep you accountable. You can even take this journey together.6. Don’t Save, InvestWith some extra cash from minimizing your expenses or your normal savings amount if any, be wise in what you do with it.The advise to save some money is widespread and that’s not a bad thing.However, it is worth noting that savings pay very little interest compared to what investments do.And in case you didn’t know it, the banks you save with, invest the money so they can pay you interest from what they earn.Can’t you be as smart as they? Or even smarter?When we talk of investing, do not automatically think about huge sums of money required to start off.There are many types of investments. There are investments requiring huge capital like real estate.But these are not the only available options.There are other investments requiring relatively low capital like mutual funds.Something else to consider is the time value of money. This refers to the reality that the value of money changes over time. And in most cases, it reduces. The value of $1,000 now is not the same as its value two years from now.Whatever the money can buy now, may be too expensive later.This means that the extra money you have is better off increasing in value as quickly as possible. This is why experienced investors calculate the Required Rate of Return to ascertain the profitability of an investment.Before investing, take time to do some homework. Educate yourself on the various investment options and listen to expert advice.7. Build Multiple Income StreamsOne of the things you’ll discover when looking at the lives of rich people is that they don’t put all their eggs in the one basket. Not only is that risky, it’s also foolish.No matter how profitable a venture is, never put all your money in it. You can have the majority of your investments ther e but certainly not all of it.Remember to also invest in the areas you understand well. This prevents over-reliance on people’s advice such that you cannot move except at their word.As for diversity in investments, there are many options available.Some are easy while others aren’t so easy.Still, it depends on the knowledge you have, your willingness to learn and keep up with new information and how much time you have.Two common and successfully-implemented income ideas are:Blogging â€" blogging is very popular since it’s mainly a matter of writing and expressing your own opinions. But don’t be fooled, blogging isn’t a skill everyone has naturally. Just as some people can convince others more easily than others, some bloggers are just naturally good.Blogging is also an art. And in that regard, you can learn how to blog successfully.If you decide that blogging is the way to go, understand that bloggers make money from the traffic their blogs enjoy. As such, you have to first of all attract many readers to your blog.Once your blog is popular enough, you can make money through ads. This is the primary way of earning for most bloggers. You can run ads which people click on or promote products and get paid if your readers buy them.Online courses â€" some people, especially those with a skill in teaching, make money by selling courses online. These courses are usually not time-constrained. It is not a must for them to be finished within a certain time frame.The convenience of learning at your own pace and having access to the teacher (in some cases) is enough for many to buy. These courses are usually cheaper than what you might get in the traditional school systems.If you have an area of expertise, this is a great income generating idea. Just ensure your website is well designed and secure for the financial transactions.Also, make sure the courses provide real value to those who take them. That will increase the chances of earning from referrals.Watch this video for more ideas on how you can make money through various channels. From the video, pick three or more ideas which you can implement and implement them.Do more research on them and learn how to get started and keep going. Put in the required effort and push forward toward your goal.Remember the specific definition of riches you set for yourself.8. Be PersistentIn many cases, the hard work is not in figuring out what to do; but in starting to do it.Ask a number of entrepreneurs about this and they will confirm it. There is usually a fear to be overcome before any business is started. You will have many questions about the business.Is this the right business idea? Will it last or go down after several months? Will it bring me the expected returns? Have I done enough research?Here is free advice for you: do not waste time trying to justify your decision to your inner critic.Find out what income-generating ideas you can implement.Do your research on how to get started and keep goi ng. Listen to the advice of those who have successfully done it.Work hard at it and you will see the results come in.Remember that we started by talking about discipline.Decide that you’re going to work on the ideas and build them up.Once you’re started, decide that you will overcome the challenges which will come. When challenges come, take them as opportunities to become stronger.Do not give up and always stay focused. As long as you persist in your desire and keep in touch with the emotional connection to your goal, you will succeed.CONCLUSIONGreat wealth comes from hard work. The hard work is put in at the initial stages and acts as the foundation.As with a building, the foundation doesn’t look beautiful and has little to show for the effort.But once the building is finished, the bigger it is, the more appreciative of the foundation you’ll be.Be willing to put in the hard work to build the foundation. Once the systems of income streams are in place, the money will flow i n will little effort.Then you can enjoy vacations and other luxuries with little worry since your money is working for you.

Indigenous Speeches Research Essay - 798 Words

Speeches are an iconic and widely used means of expression for our political leaders, particularly when discussing issues of importance such as Indigenous Australia. Paul Keating’s ‘Redfern Speech’ and Kevin Rudd’s ‘Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples’ are the two political speeches which I will be analysing in this paper. The structure of this paper will follow the Cultural Competency Framework as a means for exploring the above stated speeches. This framework moves through knowledge; informed practice/informed decision; and positive/effective learning and development. At the knowledge stage the content, importance and effect of the speeches will be explored, as well as their context. To address informed practice/informed decision the paper looks more closely at the issues which are raised in the speeches and their impact on Indigenous Australians. Finally positive/effective learning and development will be acknowledged through the exploration of the education implications that these issues can have in the classroom. Analysis of Paul Keating’s Redfern Park Speech The Redfern Park Speech (Year for the World’s Indigenous Peoples) was given by the Hon Paul Keating PM on the 10th of December 1992. The speech was delivered in the suburb of Redfern, the epicentre of Aboriginal culture in Sydney at the time and home to the Koori people. This speech recognised that European settlers, and their descendants, are responsible for the hardships that Aboriginal Australia hasShow MoreRelatedIndigenous Speeches: Exploration of the Mabo Case, Stolen Generation and Reconciliation1822 Words   |  8 PagesExploration of the Mabo Case, Stolen Generation and Reconciliation Both Keating’s and Rudd’s speeches are firmly based on the ideas of recognition and reconciliation for the wrongs that European settlers, and their decedents, have inflicted on Indigenous Australians. To explore this idea I believe that it is necessary to take a closer look at both the plight of Eddie Mabo and the stories of the Stolen Generation. The Mabo Case Eddie Mabo is widely known for his plight to regain land rights forRead MorePart Indigenous Speeches Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 2 – Part A: Indigenous speeches – research essay The Apology – Prime Minister Kevin Rudd On the 13th February 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, offered an Apology to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People by way of a speech that he presented to the 42nd parliament of the Commonwealth. His speech outlined the past oppression of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had to endure pain and suffering. Children were forcibly removed from their families. Mr Rudd openedRead MoreEbony And Ivy By Craig Steven Wilder Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagescollege. His historical studies are expansive and well knows, consisting of multiple books, essays, and advisement in historical documentaries. His experience within the system that serves as the subject matter for the book as well as his extensive studies within the historical field give him substantial knowledge on the subject. He is clearly well researched as the book has 115 pages of books, speeches, and essays he used as sources. As for bias, it could be argued that Wilder may have a small bias inRead MoreNyerere Education Idea and It Aplication to Conteporary Education System5029 Words   |  21 PagesEducational Research and Review Vol. 4 (4), pp. 111-116, April 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR ISSN 1990-3839  © 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The implications of Nyerere’s theory of education to contemporary education in Kenya Joseph W. Nasongo1* and Lydiah L. Musungu2 2 Department of Educational Foundations, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya. Department of Educational Planning and Management, Masinde Muliro University ofRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesinfluence and little national recognition. Defence: The problem is worth researching for several reasons. Although soccer is the central sport discussed in Bar-On’s research, the gender issue is the same for most if not all professional sports: women never get the same recognition men receive for their achievement. The research problem is beyond doubt a social problem. When it comes to soccer, the most recognized event is the FIFA (Federation of International Football Association) World Cup, inRead MoreEast African Culture Reflects on Their Drama Using Aminata, Echoes of Silence and I Will Marry When I Want as Case Study12168 Words   |  49 Pagestaking place in east Africa, we confine ourselves to Kenya and Uganda which happens to be the setting of the three plays and also because aside from Tanzania no other east african nation has much to offer in terms of theatrical development. From our research we are able to diagnose the fact that writers are greatly influenced by the environment in which they hailed from. The culture that is obtained from their environment forms a basis for their drama has it is impossible to separate drama from cultureRead MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 Pagesadvantage, seeking control over bountiful beaver hunting grounds or perhaps a stash of beaver skins to trade for European goods. Although it provided the Indians with better tools, European incursion into the territory was disastrous for the indigenous people. In the 1690s alone, the Iroquois lost between 1,600 and 2,000 people in fighting with other Indian tribes. In addition, European diseases such as smallpox, measles, influenza, lung infections, and even the common cold took a heavy toll onRead MoreSouth China Sea Dispute10771 Words   |  44 Pagesof these conflicts is the dispute in South China Sea between China and six neighbor ASEAN countries. With the intervention of the United States, the issue turns to be more serious as it attracts a lot of concerns from international community. This research tries to find a clear way of understanding the South China Sea conflict, specifically about the effort of China and Vietnam to gain the control over the two groups of islands: Paracel and Spratly. The hypothesis intends to express the possibilityRead MoreSouth China Sea Dispute10784 Words   |  44 Pagesof these conflicts is the dispute in South China Sea between China and six neighbor ASEAN countries. With the intervention of the United States, the issue turns to be more serious as it attracts a lot of concerns from international community. This research tries to find a clear way of understanding the South China Sea conflict, specifically about the effort of China and Vietnam to gain the control over the two groups of islands: Paracel and Spratly. The hypothesis intends to express the possibilityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Racial Segregation And Discrimination Of African Americans

For nation-based racism, Sociologist see race as a socially constructed concept that bares no sustentation in setting us apart. Whereas using the concept ethnicity to identify individuals by their shared cultured trait and not by physical characteristic. However, most people utilized race and ethnicity to stratify individuals. Most immigrants, especially those from developing countries are massively discriminated solely based on physical composition that often on the contrary to the White Anglo American physical composition. Although great strides have been made to enact laws that contest racial discrimination, there has been little progress for the discriminating factor immigrant. Events like the 1960 s which focused to end the racial segregation and discrimination of African Americans and enacted a legal precedence affirming legal protection of the each and every citizen regardless of color. While racial discrimination continues to divide us it has cleverly developed a new direc tion —the immigrant, the illegal, the alien and the countless monikers used to that unjustly degrade the individual who by no fault of his/her doing does not have the proper documentation and for that reason we rather used the word undocumented, as is reflects accurately the situation at hand. But one of the advantages of living in a metropolitan city, such as Los Angeles, I have been able to have conversations with individuals whom are immigrants themselves or they are first or secondShow MoreRelatedThe Downfall Of The Black Experience1559 Words   |  7 PagesMany Americans point to the suffering of the African American experience from the internal problems in African Americans communities; however, they neglect the external social constraints that African Americans have faces in America. African Americans have suffered oppression through social institution through factors such as Segregation, Racial Crimination, and Mass incarnation. The constraint of segregation was a w ay of social, political, and economical control over African Americans. African AmericansRead MoreThe Civil Disobedience Of African Americans1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of African-Americans has come a long way through the years. They were first imported as slaves as property to do hard labor for their owners. With no freedom, they were forced to obey orders until a revolution appeared. It took a civil war to finally free blacks and to give them the right to be citizens of the country. It was then that the chains of slavery were finally broken, but the chain of discrimination still existed. Under racial segregation, colored people were not allowed toRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education Of Kansas1160 Words   |  5 PagesEducation of Kansas. This case was about segregation of public schools but before this was to be found unconstitutional, the school system in Kansas and all over the United States had segregated schools. For example, Topeka Kansas had 18 neighborhood schoo ls for white children, but only 4 schools for African American children. (Brown v. Board of Education) Many people believe that the problem is no longer existent; however, many present day African American students still attend schools that are segregatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr Speech968 Words   |  4 Pagespeaceful demonstration. However, he was arrested and put in a Birmingham City Jail because he tried to stand up for his fellow African Americans. While in jail he wrote an essay where he talked about injustice, morals, rights, just laws and unjust laws. He had seen segregation, injustice, and racial discrimination. Even after the ruling of the Supreme Court in 1954 outlawing segregation in schools there was a lack of unwillingness to abide and desegregate. As part of this assignment I also read a transcriptRead MoreHousing Segregation and Minority Groups in the United States840 Words   |  4 PagesHousing segregation is as the taken for granted to any feature of urban life in the United States (Squires, Friedman, Siadat, 2001). It is the application of denying minority groups, especially African Americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation, which denies people of color finance services and opportunities to afford decent housing. Caucasians usually live in areas that are mostly white communities. However, African Americans are most likely lives in areas that are raciallyRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Black Community1352 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is demonstrated in many different ways in every part and corner of each country. Some ask, what is racial discrimination and how does it affect early and today’s society? Racial discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly and differ ently than others because of their skin tone, ethnicity, and nationality. It’s been an issue for more than a hundred years. Being against people that were a different skin tone led to segregation and slavery in the early times. SlaveryRead MoreSegregation And Effects On African American Communities1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Garcia Dr. Markel 23rd July 2015 Phil 483 Segregation and Effects on African-American Communities I suppose the majority of society would have the illusion that segregation in the United States died with the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and Brown v Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. What most fail to realize is the profound, and devastating effect segregation continues to have on minorities, particularly the African American communities. Throughout the relative young history of the UnitedRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Urban Ghettos1347 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to 1900, African Americans were dispersed throughout white neighborhoods. Even as servants and laborers in southern cities, African Americans lived side by side with their employers. Even those living in northern cities were more likely to share neighborhoods with whites rather than in racially segregated communities. Although discrimination persisted following the American Civil War, African Americans living in the North regularly interacted with whites in a common social world, shared culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The D ocumentary Eyes On The American Civil Rights Movement 783 Words   |  4 Pagesa PBS documentary film series that eye lights the American Civil Rights Movement. The documentary series also depicts the struggle to end racial discrimination and segregation and how small acts of courage began the Civil Rights Movement. I was able to watch three one-hour series, Awakening (1954-1956), Fighting Back (1957 – 1962) and Ain’t Scared of your Jails (1960 – 1961). These series are poignant and takes us through the days of segregation and inequality and the grassroots protests to SupremeRead More21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race?1642 Words   |  7 Pages21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where one

Advertisement and Promotion in Business Free Essays

string(55) " to as sponsored content \(Seth Kapoor, 2014\)\." Abstract With the increase in competition among different businesses across all industries, it is vital for companies to ensure that they implement ideal promotional strategies to maintain their competitiveness. This paper presents an in-depth analysis on several aspects of business advertisement and promotions. It addresses the scope of marketing strategies, which covers the process of communication in advertisement, the organization of the advertisement industry in the United Kingdom, the regulation of the industry and the current trends in advertising. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement and Promotion in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also covers the concept of below-the-line advertisement and suggests the promotional strategies that can be used by Pringles, a well renowned snack brand. Introduction Advertisement and promotion play a vital role in the marketing of products and services of any company by increasing brand awareness and attracting customers (Shimp Andrews, 2013). It is one of the four components of the 4Ps of marketing, which comprise of product, price, promotion and place (Pride, 2013). Whereas there are different approaches to advertising and promotion, they all have the main objective of communicating about what companies have to offer to their target clients (Percy Rosenbaum-Elliott, 2012). With the ongoing increase in competition across all industries, companies that fail to advertise or promote their products and services risk losing their competitive edge regardless of how proper the other elements of the marketing mix are (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). This paper covers different issues of advertisement and promotion. These include the marketing communications’ scope and below the line advertisement approaches that can be used to promote Pringles, on e of their products. It also designs a plan for an integrated promotional strategy for Pringles. Task 1 – Scope of Marketing Communications 1. Explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion. Communication in advertisement and promotion aims to ensure that that the messages that businesses intend to pass to their consumers are effectively relayed (Shimp Andrews, 2013). There are different steps through which these messages undergo before arriving to their target audiences. In promotion and advertisement, the sender – in this case, the advertising company – encodes the message and relays it through a transmission device (Wharton, 2013). Encoding is the creative creation of cues that can either be verbal or non-verbal that will pass the intended message to customers in the most effective manner and also attract the highest possible attention among the target customers (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). After the message has been encoded, ideal transmission devices or avenues are used to pass the message (Wharton, 2013). With the different customer segments being targeted by companies, it is important to select the most ideal avenue through which the advertisement can be passed (Pride, 2013). The message is then decoded by the receiver, where it will trigger different actions in response to the advertisement, which include making purchases of the advertised products or services (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). Whereas companies expect the communication processes of advertisements to lack barriers, there are several that may limit the attainment of the intended advertisement objectives (Wharton, 2013). One of these is the presence of many other adverts by competing companies that may divide the attention of target consumers this is mainly referred to as clutter (Kaser, 2012). 2. Explain the organisation of the advertising and promotions industry. The advertising and promotions industry comprises of different entities. These include advertisers, advertising agencies, media organizations and external facilitators (Friedlein, 2014). The roles played by all these parties contribute towards the success of the industry. To ensure effectiveness of this industry, different countries have different approaches of managing these involved parties (O’guinn et al., 2011). In the United Kingdom and Europe, there are different bodies that are involved in the running of the industry. These include the European Association of Communications Agencies (EACA), and the Promotional Marketing Council (PMC) (Warc, 2014). EACA represents media agency associations and full-service advertising across Europe (EACA, 2014). It is based in Brussels, Belgium, and focuses on the promotion for responsible effective and honest advertisement. The organisation also promotes high levels of professionalism and fosters close cooperation among different advert isers, agencies and media outlets in Europe. PMC, on the other hand, represents the sales promotion industry. Some of the parties represented include suppliers, clients and agencies across several countries in Europe (Warc, 2014). 3. Assess how promotion is regulated. Regulation involves the creation or certain rules and regulations to govern different activities in advertisement and promotion. In the United Kingdom, an advertising self-regulatory system for non-broadcast advertising was set up in UK in 1961. This step was taken to ensure that advertisements are responsible and achieve the purpose of making customers aware of products and their repurchase of the products. The UK regulates the promotion industry by using a combination of practice and legislation codes (Advertising Standards Authority, 2014). There are two regulatory committees that create, revise and monitor advertising codes. These are the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice (BCAP) and the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP). The BCAP code creates broadcast advertising rules while CAP creates rules for non-broadcasting advertising, direct marketing and sales promotion (Farrell Gordon, 2012). These rules are enforced by the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). With the changes that are always taking place in advertising, these rules are regularly revised to increase effectiveness (Kaser, 2012). However, keeping up with this pace is quite challenging because of the increase in advertisement avenues that has been made possible by technological advancements. As a result, increasing numbers of customers are falling prey to advertisers that advertise inexistent or poor quality products (Cho et al., 2014). 4. Examine current trends in advertising and promotion, including the impact of ICT. The current trends in advertising and promotion have majorly been influenced by the increase in the use of the internet and social networking among target customers, which has largely been as a result of ICT development (Friedlein, 2014). There are various internet related trends in product advertising and promotion. These trends include; social media, online display advertising and mobile advertising. Advertisements on the social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, are on the rise and are referred to as sponsored content (Seth Kapoor, 2014). You read "Advertisement and Promotion in Business" in category "Essay examples" Companies are taking advantage of the growing number of people using these avenues because in total, there are approximately 2 billion people signed up to different social media platforms (Tuten Solomon, 2012). Online display marketing is on the rise, and involves the advertisement of company websites on other websites that target consumers frequently use (Kaser, 2012). According to Persaud and Azhar (2012), an increase in the use of smartphones has also given rise to internet mobile advertising. This is where advertisers reach consumers personally through platforms, such as social media or sending links to company websites, in the form of text messages (Persaud Azhar, 2012). Whereas these developments provide a convenience of reaching a wide range of clients in a short time and on a smaller budget, there are also different associated demerits (Friedlein, 2014). One of these is the information risk that customers and companies may be prone to because of hacking (Cho et al., 2014). Social media has been regarded by some researchers as one of the fastest avenues through which information passes. Thus, any mistake by a company that may tarnish its reputation can be detrimental to its brand (Tuten Solomon, 2012). Task 3: Primary techniques of below-the-line technique of sales promotion 1. Explain primary techniques of below-the-line promotion and develop a BTL campaign for the brand, â€Å"Pringles† Below-the-line promotion Below-the line advertisement is a promotional strategy that tends to use other mediums apart from the typical ones like the internet, broadcast, print and billboards (Kaser, 2012). Many companies in the present-day business environment utilize this strategy alongside above-the-line and through-the-line advertisement (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). One of the main attributes of this approach to advertisement is that it is less expensive. However, many companies combine this with above-the-line promotions so as to maintain a better market position, below-the-line promotion being just as complement (Gautam, 2013). Several below-the-line advertisement techniques are discussed hereunder. Field marketing or promotion: It is a process through which salespeople target customers on a one-on-one basis with the aim of promoting certain products and services (Stone Desmond, 2007). One of the advantages of this approach is that it provides customers with a close interaction with the product being promoted and the salesmen. However, this is time consuming and some customers may not be quite welcoming to the salespeople (Sigala, 2010). The use of coupons: this below the line approach to promotion involves handing coupons to prospective purchasers of commodities and offering incentives or discounts to attract customers, especially those who are price-sensitive (Wharton, 2013). Given that such approaches often offer product at reduced prices for a short duration, there is always a risk of reduced sales when the company resumes its original prices (Kumar Rajan, 2012). Loyalty programs: These are packages that offer rewards to the frequent buyers of commodities due to their loyalty to the retail outlets (Grewal et al., 2011). Such programs are common in the airline industry, where frequent flyers of a given airline numbering a specified number of flights are awarded for their loyalty in different ways, which may also include free flights. These programs are however more ideal for customers with easy accessibility to the company products (Kaser, 2012). A below-the-line campaign for Pringles Pringles is a potato and wheat manufactured snack owned and run under the Kellogg Company (Pringles, 2014). Below-the-line advertisement can be used to compliment the current promotional strategies used. One of the below-the-line approaches that can be used to market Pringles is the field promotion or field marketing approach. To effectively implement this promotional strategy, it is vital for the company to recruit salespeople that have the experience and skills needed to enable them convince people they have never met before to choose the Pringles over competing products in the market (Kaser, 2012). Small samples ought to be distributed for free or be sold at a lower price. Considering that the company mainly targets teenagers and students (Gillespie Hennessey, 2010), it is advisable for the company to use younger salespeople who are more aware of how to approach and appeal to teenagers. The most ideal places that promoters of this product can target are those with high population of teenagers, like schools, colleges or recreational parks. Though this marketing approach provides an excellent avenue for building a relationship between the target customers and the brand, companies have to invest heavily in training salespeople or promoters to enable them deal with customers of diverse tastes and backgroun ds (Sigala, 2010). 2. Evaluate other techniques that can also be used in this BTL campaign. Apart from the above below-the-line approach that can be used by Pringles, there are several other methods that may be adopted to boost sales and promote the product. They are examined below. Pringles can use the Intercept method, where trained sales personnel are positioned at retail outlets besides the shelves holding Pringles in retail stores and supermarkets (Stone Desmond, 2007). Their main role is to persuade incoming buyers into the stores to purchase Pringles by highlighting their advantages over other competing products. Whereas this approach can increase the sales for the company, it has been criticized for causing impulse buying among customers (Pride, 2013). Sponsorship is also an ideal below the line promotional strategy that can be used by Pringles. This is whereby the company supports events and activities through provision of funds and other resources that are valuable to the success of the event (Woisetschlager Michaelis, 2012). For Pringles, this strategy can be implemented by sponsoring sports for schools and youth concerts. Awareness of the company or products can be increased by ensuring by printing T-Shirts, caps or any other apparel to be worn by those attending the event. Even with this convenience that the strategy offers to customers, it can be quite cost intensive for the company depending on the size or magnitude of the event being sponsored (Lee et al., 2012). This may have an adverse impact on the company’s return on investment. Task 4: Plan Integrated Promotional Strategies 1. Follow an appropriate process for the formulation of a budget for this integrated promotional strategy An integrated promotional strategy refers to an approach to promotion where a company uses different avenues to and tools to increase the awareness of products (Kaser, 2012). This section presents a plan for a promotional strategy that can be used to market Pringles. Even with the current success that it enjoys across the markets that it operates (Gillespie Hennessey, 2010), there is still a need for the company to penetrate more in the market and further increase its market share. To implement a successful promotional strategy, it is vital for the company to identify the resources or activities that will be involved. After they are identified, the appropriate budgetary allocation will be done to facilitate the strategy (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013). The avenues that will be used in this promotion strategy are TV commercials, billboards and online advertisement through social media outlets. The budget is summarized as below. Promotional TechniquesBudget allocation TV commercials?1 million Billboards?100,000 Social media promotion YouTube video advertisements?50,000 Facebook?50,000 Twitter?50,000 Total?1.25 million 23: Carry out the development of a promotional plan for the Pringles and plan the integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for Pringles The table above represents the promotional techniques that will be used in the promotion of Pringles. TV commercials will be used by airing advertisements of the product on channels that air programs that are mostly viewed by the company’s target customers, who are teenagers and the youth (Saxena, 2010). The most ideal channels on which to air these advertisements are music or sports channels. Billboards will be effective if they are located in areas that are densely populated and are located close to outlets of the products. With an increasing number of people who have signed up on Facebook and Twitter social networks, advertising products on these sites also increases their visibility among the target audience (Tuten Solomon, 2012). It also enables the company to actively engage with the customers that it is targeting. Thus, it will be imperative for Pringles to consider utilizing these avenues for promotion. 4. Appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness There are different approaches that can be used by companies in measuring the effectiveness of their promotional campaigns. One of these is the amount of feedback from customers. This is usually mainly in form of inquiries through different avenues about the product being marketed (Pride, 2013). When inquiries are high, it means that the advertisement strategy was effective, and vice versa. Another approach that can be used is the estimation of sales prior to and after the launch of the promotional campaign or the return on investment (ROI) (Kaser, 2012). Successful promotional campaigns ought to result in an increase in sales levels of the company and create revenues that surpass the investment that was put in the promotional activity. For social media advertisements, tools such as SentiStrength can be used to assess the reception of consumers to the advertisements. SentiStrenth is a sentiment measuring tool that evaluates the level of positivity or negativity of short texts that ar e mainly used in commenting on social media sites (SentiStrength, 2014). Conclusion Advertisement and promotion are vital components of the marketing mix. Some of the roles that they play include increasing of awareness among target customers about a company’s products and attracting new customers. This paper has addressed different issues that relate to this component of marketing. Under the scope of marketing communications, the paper has explained how the communication works process in promotion. It has also discussed how the organisation and regulation of the advertisement industry in the United Kingdom. The concept of below-the-line advertisement and an integrated promotional strategy that can be used to market Pringles have also been presented. For companies that intend to maintain their competitiveness in the market and attract a wide range of customers, it s vital for them to ensure that their promotional strategies are relevant to their target audiences. Whereas this paper has provided an in-depth understanding on the concepts of advertising and prom otion, in future, primary research can be incorporated, with members of the marketing department and a section of its target customers as respondents. References Advertising Standards Authority, 2014. About Regulation. [Online] Available at: http://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA/About-regulation.aspx [Accessed May 2014]. Cho, S., Huh, J. Faber, R.J., 2014. The influence of sender trust and advertiser trust on multistage effects of viral advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), pp.100-11. EACA, 2014. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.eaca.eu/ [Accessed 31 May 2014]. Farrell, T. Gordon, R., 2012. Critical social marketing: investigating alcohol marketing in the developing world. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), pp.138-56. Friedlein, A., 2014. Six trends in advertising you need to know for 2014. [Online] Available at: http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/opinion/ashley-friedlein/six-trends-in-advertising-you-need-to-know-for-2014/4009135.article [Accessed May 2014]. Gautam, A., 2013. A study on (below the line) promotion strategies of telecom industry in western (Up) circle (India) with special reference to Reliance Communication. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(22), pp.74-79. Gillespie, K. Hennessey, ?.D., 2010. Global Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Grewal, D. et al., 2011. Innovations in retail pricing and promotions. Journal of Retailing, 87, pp.43-52. Kaser, K., 2012. Advertising and Sales Promotion. Mason, USA: Cengage Learning. Kumar, V. Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), pp.120-36. Lee, D.-C., Hung, L.-M. Chen, M.-L., 2012. Empirical Study on the Influence among Corporate Sponsorship, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Cohesiveness and Turnover Intention. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2), pp. 43-53 Mishra, P., 2009. Sales Management: Keys to Effective Sales. New Delhi: Global India Publications. O’guinn, T., Allen, C. Semenik, R., 2011. Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Mason: Cengage Learning. Percy, L. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2012. Strategic Advertising Management. Oxford: Oxford University press. Persaud, A. Azhar, I., 2012. Innovative mobile marketing via smartphones: are consumers readyMarketing Intelligence Planning, 30(4), pp.418-43. Pride, W.M., 2013. Marketing 2014, 17th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning. Pringles, 2014. Products. [Online] Available at: http://www.pringles.co.uk/products [Accessed 31 May 2014]. Reynolds, P. Lancaste, ?G., 2013. Marketing. New Jersey: Routledge. Saxena, R., 2010. Marketing Management 4E. London: McGraw-Hill Education. SentiStrength, 2014. Sentiment Analysis. [Online] Available at: http://sentistrength.wlv.ac.uk/results.php?text=Luois+Vuitton+have+nice+clothes+but+i+hate+their+pricessubmit=Detect+Sentiment [Accessed 19 May 2014]. Seth, S. Kapoor, K., 2014. Fostering Creativity Innovation In Marketing Communication through Social Media. The International Journal Of Business Management, 2(1), pp.19-24. Shimp, T. Andrews, J.C., 2013. Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason: Cengage Learning. Sigala, M., 2010. The Handbook of Field Marketing: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Outsourcing Face-to-face Direct Marketing. Journal of Product Brand Management, 19(1), pp.67-68. Stone, M.A. Desmond,J ?., 2007. Fundamentals of Marketing. London: Routledge. Tuten, T.L. Solomon, M.R., 2012. Social Media Marketing. New York: Prentice Hall. Warc, 2014. Promotional Marketing Council. [Online] Available at: http://www.warc.com/ContentandPartners/PromotionalMarketingCouncil.info [Accessed May 2014]. Wharton, C., 2013. Advertising as Culture. Bristol: Intellect. Woisetschlager, D.M. Michaelis, M., 2012. Sponsorship congruence and brand image: A pre-post event analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), pp.509-23. How to cite Advertisement and Promotion in Business, Essay examples

Use Of Heroes Essays - Literature, Fiction, English-language Films

Use Of Heroes Hemingways Use of Heroes in A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway has the tendency to use his heroes in some unheroic ways. At first the hero may seem obvious, but later on it is discovered that the true hero is not who it seems to be. In A Farewell to Arms Hemingway uses the true hero to guide the main character into becoming a hero, but fails miserably. Hemingway characterizes his heroes as people with strength, courage, and bravery, but even heroes have their flaws. For example, Frederic Henry, the protagonist of A Farewell to Arms, survives an artillery bombardment that kills one of his own men and badly injures him. Hemingway shows the strength of this character through his survival of the bombardment and full recovery of his wounds. Hemingway portrays Frederic as a hero through this strength. In addition, Fredric, being fully aware of the dangers from both the enemy and the Italians, who mistake him and his drivers for Germans, kill one of them, and then threaten to execute Frederic, who escapes. In this daring escape, Frederic presents his courage and bravery in a dangerous situation. Hemingway demonstrates that although one of Frederics men dies, he is still courageous in that his escape was successful. Frederic Henrys potential as a hero is shown by Hemingways illustration of events that depict Frederics use of his strength, his courage, and his bravery (Lewis 46). Occasionally even heroes make mistakes, which Hemingway describes very carefully. Frederic Henry and his men were retreating in their ambulances when along the way they picked up two sergeants and continued retreating. Later the ambulances get stuck in the mud and the sergeants were walking away leaving the stuck ambulance and refusing to help dislodge it so Frederic shoots one of them as the other flees (Lewis 49). When he shoots the sergeant he fails himself and becomes, in a way, inhuman. He accepts and acts by a military code that he later becomes unable to accept or act by when it is applied to him (Wylder 78). Frequently throughout Hemingways use of heroes there are two behaviors or types of heroes that he uses, these are the Hemingway Hero and the Code Hero. The Hemingway hero is usually a masculine man who drinks, loves hunts and bullfights, and has war injuries. He is also almost always defeated physically, but never looses because hi victories are moral ones (Koster 35). One critic says, Hemingways heroes are in a sense, winners who take nothing, they are winners and the manner of their taking is individually self generated, within situations largely of their native resource for physical action and courage are given every possibility of expression (Rovit 25). The code hero is the character that shows the Hemingway hero how to conduct himself; this person is very different from the Hemingway hero and makes up for what the Hemingway hero is lacking (Koster 43). Although Hemingways use of Frederic Henry seems heroic at first, he later makes him out to be more of an anti-hero than an actual hero. Deep into the novel A Farewell to Arms, Frederic points out that he, is in fact, not the hero (Wylder 88). In his own narration, Frederic states, The world kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these than it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry. He identifies himself as one that the world is not in a hurry to kill, and therefore, not as one of the very good, the very gentle, or the very brave. He is not, then, one of the heroes (Wylder 70). Even though he has some characteristics of the traditional hero, several of his most important actions (or inactions) lead us to conclude that he might be better designated as an anti-hero, a protagonist who significantly lacks key heroic qualities. Other anti-heroic qualities are his being reactive rather than active, seeking pleasure for himsel f rather than others, and underhanded rather than honest (Lewis 45). Frederic is more like most of us than a hero and when given actual chances to help people, he like a hero tries, but unlike a